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 最近The Economist封面文章：China, beware |
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感觉是临时在室外学习。另外，我少时也这样 -- 和合 - (28 Byte) 2007-10-21 周日, 下午5:48 (256 reads) |
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作者：路过 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
那张照片是这片文章中的。该文综述Many a problem lies in the way of a “new socialist countryside”
Briefing:Rural China
Missing the barefoot doctors
http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9944734
照片并非imply乡下的小学没有教室。把其中有关教育的部分拷贝在下面。
该文不仅仅没有 恶毒攻击 中国，相反，对近来的很多改革颇有赞许。比如，
It has required all schools not only to abolish fees (as ordered by the central government), but also to subsidise all boarders and give free textbooks to everyone.
The school's headmaster, Gao Feilong, says the dropout rate is now zero. In the 1990s soaring fees were forcing some of Luochuan's pupils to quit school.
同时，教育经费的上升严重压迫着那个县的可怜的财政收入。照片是说明这个的：
A survey conducted by Shenzhen University found 82% of farmers in Luochuan were happy with the recent school-fee reforms. But they were far less happy with the quality of teaching and school facilities. Fixing these problems would require a lot more money from a county that is already spending a quarter of its budget on education (mostly on teachers' wages). To cut costs, Luochuan has closed down nearly half of its 320 primary and middle schools since 2003, resulting in lay-offs for more than 700 teachers and forcing many more children to board. At Anmin School about half of the pupils live in a cramped, spartan dormitory building in a muddy yard at the back of the barrack-like complex. There may be no dropouts now, but for poorer students the huge cost of continuing their education beyond this level is a disincentive to study hard.
Cave-dwelling teachers
Zealous officials in Yanan prefecture, of which Luochuan is part, were among the first to respond to Mr Wen's tax-abolition initiative. Buoyed up by revenues from local oil and gas industries, they abolished agricultural taxes in 2004, resulting in a 200-yuan-a-year net gain on average for farmers in Luochuan, according to the official media. But Luochuan's county and township governments struggled merely to meet payroll commitments for their staff. Subsidies received by Luochuan to cover its loss of tax income were fixed at the level of its agricultural tax revenues in 2002. But miscellaneous fees imposed on farmers earlier in the decade were lost too, according to a report in Macroeconomics, a monthly journal published in Beijing.
Revenue losses have coincided with another extra financial burden: Mr Wen's policy of free education for rural children. Education expenditure from the county budget increased by 20.8% last year, compared with increases of only 6.9% and 5.6% in the previous two years. More money provided by the central, provincial and prefectural governments has helped, but not enough. Once again, Yanan prefecture has chosen to do things the hard way. It has required all schools not only to abolish fees (as ordered by the central government), but also to subsidise all boarders and give free textbooks to everyone. Luochuan county has to pay 10% of the cost of these extras from its own coffers.
At Anmin Junior Middle School, next to the county seat, so much money is flowing in to subsidise the free education programme, which began in Luochuan in 2005, that the school is handing out ten yuan in cash to boarders' families every term. Last year, with a special grant of around 2.4m yuan, the school knocked down the teachers' “cave” dwellings and built smart new dormitories for them. The school's headmaster, Gao Feilong, says the dropout rate is now zero. In the 1990s soaring fees were forcing some of Luochuan's pupils to quit school.
A survey conducted by Shenzhen University found 82% of farmers in Luochuan were happy with the recent school-fee reforms. But they were far less happy with the quality of teaching and school facilities. Fixing these problems would require a lot more money from a county that is already spending a quarter of its budget on education (mostly on teachers' wages). To cut costs, Luochuan has closed down nearly half of its 320 primary and middle schools since 2003, resulting in lay-offs for more than 700 teachers and forcing many more children to board. At Anmin School about half of the pupils live in a cramped, spartan dormitory building in a muddy yard at the back of the barrack-like complex. There may be no dropouts now, but for poorer students the huge cost of continuing their education beyond this level is a disincentive to study hard.
Luochuan's finances would work far better if it cut its bloated bureaucracy. It is trying. The county government has, in effect, taken over management of township budgets, stripping the townships of what little power they still retained. Some provinces are now bypassing both the prefectural- and township-level governments in order to get funds more directly to rural areas. But experiments with rural democracy—hailed by the party in the 1990s as a great way to improve public supervision of how money is spent—have proved too challenging to the party's political grip.
Many Chinese experts say the burden of supporting basic health care and education should be shifted to higher-level governments. That done, prefecture and township governments could be massively trimmed or eliminated altogether. But neither widespread lay-offs in an already volatile countryside nor a huge increase in central-government spending are palatable options for China's leaders.
Nor are they rushing to address the needs of those millions of country-dwellers who have moved in recent years to work in urban areas. Even peasants who have been living for several years in cities are still classified as rural residents, and as such are often excluded from urban welfare schemes. A former Luochuan resident working in Beijing, 700km to the north-east, would have to go back to the county for medical treatment if he wished to get reimbursement. Only a few million migrant workers enjoy medical insurance provided by their urban employers. From January 1st it will be compulsory for employers to offer it. But since many migrants are employed informally, without contracts, this will not make much difference.
Such problems need urgent attention. Officials say that by 2020 about 60% of the population will be living in cities or towns. This implies that more than 200m more people will move from the countryside by then. That figure may be too alarmist: there are signs that urban factories are running out of migrant labour, and reports that bad working and living conditions in some cities are deterring the rural poor. But over the coming years China's rural problems will increasingly become urban ones. China and its cities will need to spend a lot more to deal with them.
作者：路过 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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