dck
加入时间: 2004/04/02
文章: 2801
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作者：dck 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
绝对权力对人腐蚀决定人的好坏！－－"斯坦福监狱实验"揭示人性本质
（点评：空谈人性，是古代哲学家、心理学家的特色。这项研究验证了一个事实，人性无所谓好坏善恶，人掌握了绝对权力之后的表现，好人突然变坏人，说明，任何人都有作恶的基因，他是否作恶，决定于他是否能不被追究。看来，人性，永远是和权力纠缠在一起的。只谈人性，不讲政治，属于空谈。）
活人实验揭示人性本质的险恶 2007-04-11 03:18:00
三十六年前的夏天，年轻有为的心理学家 Philip Zimbardo 被斯坦福大学聘为教授。急于建立自己研究领域的 Dr. Zimbardo，在好奇心的驱使下，进行了一项有趣的实验，现在被美国心理学界称为 "斯坦福监狱实验" 的著名研究。
Dr. Philip Zimbardo
此项研究的问题是：将好人安置在拥有绝对权力的环境中，会发生什么样情形。
该项研究的具体内容是，在斯坦福大学心理学教学楼的地下室内建立一座模拟的监狱，在全美各大学内招收心身健康的年轻大学生做自愿者。自愿者们被分成两组，一组为囚犯，另一组为狱警。按原订研究计划，Dr. Zimbardo 在两周内观察囚犯和狱警的心理及行为变化。
出乎意料的是，实验仅进行了六天就因为发生严重虐待 (包括性虐待) 事件，以及囚犯的精神崩溃而被迫中止......
Dr. Zimbardo 在他的新书 [The Lucifer Effect] 中坦述了，即使是一个好人，在险恶的环境中，也难免会做出违反人性的行为来。Dr. Zimbardo 三十六年前的这项研究成果，在今天仍然具有良好的现实意义。
对美国而言，伊拉克的 Arbu Grib 监狱的虐俘丑闻，主要是因为授予未接受过良好训练的年轻士兵无限的权力后，所发生的虐待俘虏事件。
这是否也可以解释毛泽东在文革 "好心办坏事" 这一历史？毛泽东和他那一代 GCD人们，在政治不民主、法制不完整、权力无制衡的情形下，办错了一些事整错了一些人，这一历史事实至今不让学术界从学术上深入讨论。文革初期，北京女师大附中的中学生打死校长的暴行，或许也可以用这个试验所揭示的道理来解释。可惜，这在中华人民共和国又是禁区。
Editorial Reviews
From Publishers Weekly
Psychologist Zimbardo masterminded the famous Stanford PrisonExperiment, in which college students randomly assigned to be guards orinmates found themselves enacting sadistic abuse or abjectsubmissiveness. In this penetrating investigation, he revisits—at greatlength and with much hand-wringing—the SPE study and applies it tohistorical examples of injustice and atrocity, especially the AbuGhraib outrages by the U.S. military. His troubling finding is thatalmost anyone, given the right "situational" influences, can be made toabandon moral scruples and cooperate in violence and oppression. (Hetacks on a feel-good chapter about "the banality of heroism," with tipson how to resist malign situational pressures.) The author, who was anexpert defense witness at the court-martial of an Abu Ghraib guard,argues against focusing on the dispositions of perpetrators of abuse;he insists that we blame the situation and the "system" thatconstructed it, and mounts an extended indictment of the architects ofthe Abu Ghraib system, including President Bush. Combining a dense butreadable and often engrossing exposition of social psychology researchwith an impassioned moral seriousness, Zimbardo challenges readers tolook beyond glib denunciations of evil-doers and ponder our collectiveresponsibility for the world's ills. 23 photos. (Apr. 3)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Book Description
What makes good people dobad things? How can moral people be seduced to act immorally? Where isthe line separating good from evil, and who is in danger of crossing it?
Renowned social psychologist Philip Zimbardo has the answers, and in The Lucifer Effect heexplains how–and the myriad reasons why–we are all susceptible to thelure of “the dark side.” Drawing on examples from history as well ashis own trailblazing research, Zimbardo details how situational forcesand group dynamics can work in concert to make monsters out of decentmen and women.
Zimbardo is perhaps best known as the creatorof the Stanford Prison Experiment. Here, for the first time and indetail, he tells the full story of this landmark study, in which agroup of college-student volunteers was randomly divided into “guards”and “inmates” and then placed in a mock prison environment. Within aweek the study was abandoned, as ordinary college students weretransformed into either brutal, sadistic guards or emotionally brokenprisoners.
By illuminating the psychological causes behindsuch disturbing metamorphoses, Zimbardo enables us to better understanda variety of harrowing phenomena, from corporate malfeasance toorganized genocide to how once upstanding American soldiers came toabuse and torture Iraqi detainees in Abu Ghraib. He replaces thelong-held notion of the “bad apple” with that of the “bad barrel”–theidea that the social setting and the system contaminate the individual,rather than the other way around.
This is a book that dares tohold a mirror up to mankind, showing us that we might not be who wethink we are. While forcing us to reexamine what we are capable ofdoing when caught up in the crucible of behavioral dynamics, though,Zimbardo also offers hope. We are capable of resisting evil, he argues,and can even teach ourselves to act heroically. Like Hannah Arendt’sEichmann in Jerusalem and Steven Pinker’s The Blank Slate, The Lucifer Effect is a shocking, engrossing study that will change the way we view human behavior.
About the Author
Philip Zimbardo isprofessor emeritus of psychology at Stanford University and has alsotaught at Yale University, New York University, and ColumbiaUniversity. He is the co-author of Psychology and Life and author of Shyness,which together have sold more than 2.5 million copies. Zimbardo hasbeen president of the American Psychological Association and is nowdirector of the Stanford Center on Interdisciplinary Policy, Education,and Research on Terrorism. He also narrated the award-winning PBSseries Discovering Psychology, which he helped create. In 2004, heacted as an expert witness in the court-martial hearings of one of theAmerican army reservists accused of criminal behavior in the Abu Ghraibprison in Iraq. His informative website, www.prisonexperiment.org isvisited by millions every year. Visit the author’s personal website atwww.zimbardo.com.
收听电台采访：（下载 http://www.kqed.org/.stream/real ... 04-09b-forum.rm.ram ）
转自：
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=200704&postID=14530
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作者：dck 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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绝对权力对人腐蚀决定人的好坏！－－"斯坦福监狱实验"揭示人性本质
