咱老百姓(真)
加入时间: 2004/10/11
文章: 5307
经验值: 3142
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作者：咱老百姓(真) 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
当代生物遗传学认为：人的行为都是由两个因素决定的，一个是遗传因素，一个 是
环境因素。所谓遗传因素，说到底，就是基因。所有人的思想和身 体的状况，都是
基因与环境相互作用的结果。基因的功能是多种多样 的，最新的科学研究已经证明：
冒险基因也好、自杀基因也好，还有别的什么基因，都是 有可能存在的。
另外，在引起自杀的社会因素中，一个民族的文化因素起着相当重要的作用，关于
这方面，有专门的论文。我节选其中一段(全文可见http://hncic.virtualave.net/suipaper/
paper01.htm#b)：
Cultural Reaction to Suicide in Chinese Societies
Although there is scant empirical research, two different points of view
have been stated in the literature. Hsieh and Spence (1982) suggested, based
on their historical study of suicide in pre-modern China, that suicide in
Chinese culture was often positively evaluated and was actually encouraged
by the state. In contrast, in a recent cross-cultural study of suicide in
Chinese and American societies, Chiles et al. (1989) suggested that, when
compared to suicidal patients in the United States, Chinese suicidal patients
are less likely to experience concerned, supportive care, thus reinforcing
their suicidal reaction. The way Chinese deal with suicidal behavior is,
quite obviously, shaped by the long history of Chinese civilization. Thus,
it is essential to begin our analysis by examining the historical records
of the Chinese cultural tradition.
Among all Chinese cultural influences, Confucianism, both as a philosophy
and a religion, is the most important. Chinese attitudes toward death, including
suicide, are influenced by such Confucian virtues as zhong (faithfulness),
xiao (filial piety), ren (humanness) and yi (righteousness), which will
be further explained later. In feudal China, the Confucian Analects, the
classic of Filial Piety and other Confucian classics were used as textbooks
for primary education for almost all students, who were required to recite
them fluently. In the period of the Republic of China (1911-1949), as China
gradually opened the door to Western science and culture, particularly because
of the influence of the "new cultural movement," Confucian classics were
no longer used in most public schools, but private schools continued to teach
these classics to their students. More importantly, the Confucian tradition
was officially emphasized by the Kuomintang that was the dominant political
force in this period. Since 1949, the Confucian tradition has been criticized
by both the Chinese government and some intellectuals who are influenced by Western cultural beliefs. Particularly in the Cultural Revolution
(1966 to 1976), Confucianism was systematically criticized. Nonetheless,
traditional Confucian beliefs still remains central to the lived experience
of people in the Mainland China.
作者：咱老百姓(真) 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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晓刚进来
