飞云
加入时间: 2004/02/14
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作者：飞云 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
TERROR YEARS
A mass grave yard was discovered last August, during the construction works in Ulaanbaatar city's suburb. The police collected into sacks the human skulls, each with an accurate round hole in the back, and took them to expertise. The remaning bones were put back. But even without expertise it was clear that these are the remains of victims of 30s mass executions.
63 years ago, another group of Russian commisars came to Mongolua. Though they were frequent guests, this time their arrival meant bad news.
Buddhist monasteries were abandoned as Communists arrested all high priests and forced out ordinary monks.
"The Mongolian nation has no specific goal or defined road to pursue. It just follows the instructions signed by Stalin," wrote then prime minister P.Genden in 1933, already arrested and kept in a special prison in Moscow for opposing Stalin, and even daring to slap him on face at one of receptions at Kremlin.
The commisars brought instructions and the list of 115 "enemies of the revolution." Two weeks later the first arrests began announcing the beginning of a mass purge that was preserved in the nation's memory as Big Terror.
"68,000 monks, 900 nobles, 7,000 Buryats, 6,289 merchants and smugglers" were subject to extermination. These figures were announced by H. Choibalsan, the minister of Internal Security.
The repressions were well planned and meticulously executed. The Russian military took aerial pictures of all monasteries and made detailed plans some three years before the campaign. A thorough population census was conducted registering occupations and ancestry.
Sandagiin Myatav, who worked at the Internal Secutiry ministry that time, recalls: " Russian advisors were assigned to each department, controlling everything. They prepared lists of those to be arrested, participated in interrogations and confiscations. Mostly Buryats, Kalmycks and Tuvinians, they all had Mongolian names and spoke fluent Mongolian. Perhaps, they were trained in advance. But Russians were in command of all."
Kh.Choibalsan, omnipotent and ruthlessruler, nicknamed "Bloody Butcher."
More than 36,000 people were executed or imprisoned by 1940, but many researchers believe the figure should be much higher. For example, historician S. Idchinnorov in his book on repressions in his native Ovorhangai province, writes that he simply could not find the lists of arrested people in archives. "Many were simply shot without trial or sent to Siberia, to the Gulag camps from where rarely anyone returned."
Buddhist monks were the main target of purges. Recalls Luvsandamdin, a former security officer: "Monks were mass arrested with prisons overcrowding beyound limits. To solve the problem, a mass execution campaign was conducted. Each week 2-3 trucks full of monks were taken for execution. Some of them were send to the Soviet Union."
The Internal Security ministry's archive contains only one account indicating on the scale of mass exile to the Siberian concentration camps. It comes as a telegram from a concentration camp director in Siberia: "Why you send aged goods? We need younger. Urgently dispatch 7,000 up to standard."
Another account is the memoirs of one Russian political prisoner, published in The New World literary magazine in 80s: "One day a new column of prisoners arrived, consisting of Buddhist monks in red and yellow attires. They did not talk to others and all quickly died out like fleas as soon as first winter colds begun."
Thousands of monks were shot enmasse, often without trial. Mass grave discovered in 1992 in Moron, Huvsgul province.
In autumn of 1938, Russian advisor Golubchek reported to Moscow: "Buddhist high priests are almost all liquidated. Out of 85,000 monks 17,339 are considered as such. The remaining monks are turned into ordinary citizens. I think, it is time to inflict a decisive strike on the counter revolutionary middle rank monks." (for the convenience all the monks were divided into three groups: high, middle and low)
Why the new powers were so keen to eliminate peaceful Buddhist monks? Why they were labeled "most dangerous enemies of the Mongolian people" subject to the "purification from the society" as the Mongolian People's Revolutionary party's programme of 1925 phrased it out?
http://www.mongoliatoday.com/issue/6/terror.html
作者：飞云 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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蒙古人引用了蘇聯顧問負責執行殺和尚任務的報告說殺了八萬五千人
