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 尊重洪哲胜先生将所有异见称为垃圾的权利和自由 |
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尊重洪哲胜先生将所有异见称为垃圾的权利和自由 -- Anonymous - (1134 Byte) 2003-7-14 周一, 上午9:20 (277 reads) |
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作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/State：
“The legal criteria for statehood are generally accepted to be those set out in Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention. "The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." (The Montevideo is a regional American convention; but the principles contained in this article have been generally recognized as an accurate statement of customary international law.) However, some have questioned whether these criteria are sufficient.
A major issue is the difference between the constitutive and declarative theories of recognition of states. According to the constitutive theory, a state exists only insofar as it is recognized by other states. The declarative theory, by contrast, holds that the existence of a state is independent of its recognition by other states. Which theory is correct is a controversial issue in international law. An example in practice was the collapse of central government in Somalia in the early 1990s: the Montevideo convention would imply that the state of Somalia no longer existed, and the subsequently declared republic of Somaliland (comprising part of the so-called "former" Somalia) may meet the criteria for statehood. However the self-declared republic has not achieved recognition by other states.”
从上述解释来看台湾当前的“独立”地位，在我看来，就算不谈政治现实，在法理上被人质疑完全正常。
第一，台湾有效控制的整块领土处于另一国主张的，并得到大多数国际法主体承认的领土范围之内。台湾对“领土”的实际控制不能消除该它国对其归属的主张，“拥有领土”和“控制领土”是可分的两个法律概念。如果主权国家四要素中要求的是“拥有明确领土”，则台湾有没有“拥有”“明确领土”是大可质疑的。
第二，台湾和其他国家交往的能力，无论如何都不能说是完全的，不论这个不完全是不是因为外在的原因。换句话说，台湾当前并不能自由的根据自己的意愿与任何国家建立外交关系，而不受另一国的影响。
此两点，加上主权国家是否需要他国承认的争议，大致界定了台湾当前的处境。
作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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