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我确实是用“演绎法”，在“政治科学”的问题上，我现在觉得 -- bjxz - (494 Byte) 2003-6-14 周六, 上午12:43 (366 reads) |
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作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
在宗法传统被共产革命铲除得比较彻底的中原和西北农村,为什么乡村工业的发展远远不及家族势力强大的东南沿海?
答案之一是:正是这种宗法体系和人伦传统支持了沿海的地下金融组织,使得初起的私人企业能够得到稳定的融资渠道.在这个意义上,儒家重视家族关系的传统,恰好起到了推动资本主义在英美起飞的"新教伦理"作用.
(资本主义如今只在两个文明圈内得到了发展:儒家文明圈和欧美文明圈.这又是为什么?)
关于中国古代的市民社会,宋代的民间组织就不用说了.即使是在普遍认为古代史上最黑暗的明代,也有相当成熟的民间组织成长.下面是一篇报告的摘要.
详谈古代史,可能对现实没有太大的意义.但,认真考察宗法组织这一类儒家传统的象征物在工业化当中具体扮演了什么角色,可能对认清下一步的社会走势有些用处.
Giving in Asia--A Symposium
Benevolent Societies: The Reshaping of Charity During the Late Ming and Early Ch'ing
Joanna F. Handlin Smith
The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 309-337.
Abstract
During the late Ming an entirely new charitable institution, the benevolent society (t'ung-shan t'ang), emerged even though there were already in place channels for charity provided by lineage organizations, religious institutions, and the state. To account for the appearance of benevolent societies, this article attempts explanations in terms of worsening conditions and dynastic decline and then moves beyond such considerations for several reasons. Although China had long experienced much poverty and numerous periods of extreme social unrest, it was not until the late Ming that the responses to these maladies took the form of benevolent societies. Although the benevolent societies were sometimes founded in an atmosphere of social tension, they endured long after any sense of crisis had passed and thrived through periods of calm. The benevolent societies arose because they satisfied--in ways that existing forms of charity could not--the emotional and social needs of the sponsors in an environment altered by commerce. To achieve a harmonious society, officials and gentry acquiesced to the investment mentality of merchants, and by making charitable contributions toward a moral society, merchants justified their wealth. Highly visible and tolerated by the state, the benevolent societies expressed social alliances based on money and a spirit of civic pride.
作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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