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 转贴郑义一篇妙文：急调38、27两军参战，十天拿下巴格达 |
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这件事倒还没有听说过，可有详细点的资料？ -- Anonymous - (590 Byte) 2003-4-05 周六, 下午7:21 (222 reads) |
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作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
The Associated Press
"Proof Soviets Lied About US Warfare,"
New York Times, November 16, 1998
WASHINGTON (AP) -- Cold War historians say they now know more about how and why the Soviet Union and China fabricated a campaign in the 1950s to persuade the world that the United States used germ and chemical warfare in the Korean War.
New documentary evidence from Moscow's still-secret archives suggests that the charge was instigated by Chinese field advisers to the North Koreans. With many Koreans dying of cholera, the Chinese advisers decided U.S. chemical and biological warfare must have been the cause.
To make the charge stick, the communists went to extraordinary measures -- infecting North Koreans awaiting execution with plague and cholera so their bodies could be shown to outside investigators, and forcing 25 captured American pilots to sign ``confessions.''
The undertaking, blessed by Josef Stalin and backed by Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai, had some lingering success. The charge, denounced by U.S. officials from President Truman down, was repeated in a 1989 book by two British journalists, Peter Williams and David Wallace, and again in a 1990 ceremony staged by Beijing.
In fact, ``neither Soviet officials nor Russian ones have to this day ever stated that the Korean War biological warfare allegations were false,'' said biological warfare specialist Milton Leitenberg of the University of Maryland.
Using newly accessible documents, Leitenberg and Cold War historian Kathryn Weathersby put together a now-it-can-be-deduced study of the claim and the unpublicized decision to back off it. Their research is to be published in the Bulletin of the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson Center, a government-sponsored think tank.
Leitenberg said the documents ``provide explicit and detailed evidence that the charges were contrived and fraudulent.''
The new evidence came from the still-secret Presidential Archives in Moscow. In January, a researcher was permitted to make notes -- but not photocopies -- from 12 documents. A Japanese newspaper, Sankei Shimbun, wrote about the disclosures and made the notes available to scholars.
The charge was made in 1952, at the height of the Korean War and at a time when North Korea confronted massive outbreaks of cholera and plague.
With an armistice only a few months away, a secret May 2, 1953 resolution of the presidium of the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R. backed away from the charge, the documents show.
``The Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) were misled,'' said the resolution, which has never before been made public. ``The spread in the press of information about the use by the Americans of bacteriological weapons in Korea was based on false information. The accusations against the Americans were fictitious.''
The instigation for making the claim apparently came from Chinese field commanders advising the North Koreans, the researchers say.
Soviet advisers already had raised the possibility with their Chinese counterparts. The Chinese advisers, ``not wishing to be guilty of lack of vigilance ... nervously concluded that the American planes that dominated the skies over North Korea and occasionally overflew Chinese territory were responsible for the outbreak of cholera, plague and other infectious diseases in early 1952,'' Ms. Weathersby wrote.
They informed Beijing. Chou and Mao ordered a laboratory investigation, but then denounced the United States, without waiting for results.
On Feb. 22, 1952, North Korea told the United Nations that U.S. aircraft had dropped disease-bearing insects in seven raids. Two weeks later, Chou charged the United States had sent 448 aircraft on 68 missions to spread plague, anthrax, cholera, encephalitis and meningitis.
Even after learning the truth, Ms. Weathersby wrote, Mao -- eager to maintain revolutionary zeal at home -- ``was apparently unwilling to forfeit the domestic benefits of charging the United States with using heinous weapons against Chinese soldiers, not to mention the propaganda value internationally.''
Without any field investigation on its own, an ``International Scientific Commission'' led by British biochemist Joseph Needham, an avowed Marxist, issued a 669-page report accepting the Chinese claims on the basis of testimony from witnesses. It was Needham, now dead, who repeated the charge in a 1990 ceremony where he was honored by Beijing on his 90th birthday.
The Soviets went along, beating the drum on a worldwide stage. The United States vigorously denied the charge, and, in the aftermath of Stalin's death in March 1953, the Soviets soon did an about-face.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/korgerm.htm >Proof Soviets Lied About US Warfare
作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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