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芦笛
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作者：芦笛 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
马悲鸣必须向读者拿出个说法来
芦笛
为了所谓“苏联背信弃义，撕毁日苏中立条约，进攻日本”一事，马悲鸣莫名其妙地纠缠我先后不下四五次。一开头是出了个愚蠢问题连续两次问我，我两次告诉他，关于此事，我已经在《中苏恩仇》帖和答思云的文字中给出了完整答案，那是为他特地写出来的疗愚教材，请他自己去刻苦学习，认真体会。
话说得这么明白，他就是不能理解，还要纠缠我，于是我只好把苏联方面废除该条约的照会英文版贴出来，告诉他据我的理解，不存在苏联违约问题。
到此这问题应该算是解决了，可惜此子在美国呆了２０年，至今仍然是英文绝对文盲，和唐人街那些老华侨也差不多，大概他来美后一直是在华人街洗盘子吧（据他自己说是扛死尸，后者当然不会讲英文），看不懂那文件不说，竟然莫名其妙地把这问题当成我的什么７寸，写出什么《三气芦笛》，闹出了无穷无尽的笑话。
例如有“一气”的标题是说，美国通过租借法案和舰队护航，乃是对德国不宣而战。那搞笑文字其实是我引出来的。他先写了篇什么《回首二战》，其中无一句不是谎言，竟然说什么英国用假情报欺骗美国，把老美拉下了水，对德国宣战。我当即跟贴辟谣，告诉他是德国应日本要求向美国宣战的。罗斯福本人生怕德国战胜独霸欧洲，非常想介入欧战，用不着英国人去挑拨。但当时美国孤立主义思潮压倒一切，罗斯福在竞选演说中赌咒发誓他绝不会把国家带入战争，是日本人帮了他的大忙。
其实此前我还专门写过帖子，说希特勒在这事上是白痴。轴心国的盟约并没有规定德国必须参战，只是须在两国之间“紧急磋商”。希特勒完全没有必要主动向美宣战。即使宣战，也该压日本人采取同等措施，对苏宣战，然而他都没这么做。这其实不是我的发现，而是任何一本二战史上都找得到的陈词滥调，世上只有马悲鸣不知道。
却说老马看了我那个跟贴后，突然来了个１８０度大转弯，原来说美国是被英国欺骗被动下水的，现在却突然变成美国对德不宣而战了。我看了又好气又好笑，乃上贴告诉他，美德之间并没有订立中立条约，美国并没有失去援助英国的权利，谈何不宣而战？如果他要坚持此说，请拿出国际法有关规定来，证明援助交战一方就是处于和另一方的战争状态。到现在他也没敢再理会这碴，自然是装聋作哑混过去。
针对那“苏联违约”之说，我更专帖告诉他我的理解，就是该中立条约第三条规定，期满前一年，如果双方都不denounce该约，则条约自动延期５年。我说，据我的理解，这儿的denounce就是指“废除”，因此，该约其实是赋予了签约方期满一年前废止该约的权利，而苏联使用了这权利，在期满一年前宣布废除该条约。既然如此，该约已经在１９４５年被废除，世上没人可以违反一个已被废除的条约，正如无人可以杀死一个死人一样，哪怕是绝对白痴也该明白这点。
可惜马悲鸣就是不明白，竟然跟贴说什么：
【条约到期前一年如果不申明终止的话，就等于自动延期有效。
这有什么难懂的？
到期一年前申明终止是指到期之后不再有效。并非申明的当时就不再有效。否则还何必有“到期一年前申明”这么一说呢？
苏联攻入东北时该条约还有八个月的有效期，这是没跑的。 】
本人不像他那样胆大如氢气球（姜维大概害慢性胆囊炎，胆大如鸡卵，老马则大如氢气球），因为没找到中文版，上面说的不过是自己的理解，并无把握，所以还专门请教懂国际法的专家。刚才进来看见这话，于是去股沟了一把中文版本的苏日中立条约，发现我自己其实已经引用过，就是从中国军网上引来的文字，只是没有注意而已：
【苏日中立条约共四条。第一条，“缔约双方保证维持他们之间的和平友好关系，并相互尊重缔约另一方的领土完整和不可侵犯。”第二条，“如果缔约的一方成为第三者的一国或几国的战争对象，缔约的另一方在整个冲突过程中将保持中立。”第三条规定，条约自双方批准之日起生效，有效期五年，如缔约任何一方在期满前一年未通知废止该条约，则条约应视为自动延期五年。苏联和日本政府在签订中立条约的同时发表声明，宣称“苏联政府和日本政府庄严声明，苏联保证尊重满洲国的领土完整和不可侵犯，日本政府保证尊重蒙古人民共和国的领土完整和不可侵犯。”苏日双方还交换信件，规定日本应在六个月内撤销在北库页岛的租让企业。 】
请注意，第三条的翻译是：
“如缔约任何一方在期满前一年未通知废止该条约，则条约应视为自动延期五年。”
这翻译完全符合我的理解，那denunciation就是“废除”的意思。这其实就是赋予缔约任何一方在期满前一年废约的权利。苏联政府使用这一权利，在１９４５年４月５日照会日本政府，宣布废除了该条约。任何白痴都该明白，在这以后，那条约已经不再存在了，哪来什么“背信弃义”的问题？
本人对斯大林时代的苏联毫无好印象，但一向实事求是，绝不因主观立场改变求实态度。苏联入侵满州确实是中共的恩公，但给中国人民带来巨大灾难，改变了二战后远东国际政治格局。这一向是我的坚定不移的观点，但不能为此，就抹煞良心，炮制冤案，硬要责备苏联犯了没有犯的罪行。
众所周知，无庸置疑，马悲鸣乃是成名超过１０年的网上高手，应该具有起码的文德文责观念。不幸的是，他写的所谓“史论”，无一篇不充斥着离奇的谎言。我对此深感痛心，并希望他就被揭穿的许多谎言，拿出点起码的说法来，向热爱他的读者作个交代。谢谢！
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【附录一】日苏中立条约英文版
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact April 13, 1941
PACT OF NEUTRALITY BETWEEN UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS AND JAPAN
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, guided by a desire to strengthen peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries, have decided to conclude a pact on neutrality, for which purpose they have appointed as their Representatives:
The Presidum of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov,
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
and People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan -
Yosuke Matsuoka,
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jusanmin,
Cavalier of the Order of the Sacred
Treasure of the First Class, and
Yoshitsugu Tatekawa,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
Lieutenant General, Jusanmin, Cavalier of the
Order of the Rising Sun of the First Class and
the Order of the Golden Kite of the Fourth Class,
who, after an exchange of their credentials, which were found in due and proper form, have agreed on the following:
ARTICLE ONE
Both Contracting Parties undertake to maintain peaceful and friendly relations between them and mutually respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of the other Contracting Party.
ARTICLE TWO
Should one of the Contracting Parties become the object of hostilities on the part of one or several third powers, the other Contracting Party will observe neutrality throughout the duration of the conflict.
ARTICLE THREE
The present Pact comes into force from the day of its ratification by both Contracting Parties and remains valid for five years. In case neither of the Contracting Parties denounces the Pact one year before the expiration of the term, it will be considered automatically prolonged for the next five years.
ARTICLE FOUR
The present Pact is subject to ratification as soon as possible. The instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Tokyo, also as soon as possible.
In confirmation whereof the above-named Representatives have signed the present Pact in two copies, drawn up in the Russian and Japanese languages, and affixed thereto their seals.
Done in Moscow on April 13, 1941, which corresponds to the 13th day of the fourth month of the 16th year of Showa.
V. MOLOTOV
YOSUKE MATSUOKA
YOSHITSUGU TATEKAWA
【附录二】苏联宣布废除日苏中立条约的照会
Soviet Denunciation of the Pact with Japan
The American Ambassador at Moscow transmitted to the Secretary of State, by a telegram dated April 5, 1945, the following statement, as received from the press section of the Foreign Office, regarding Soviet denunciation of the U.S.S.R.-Japanese neutrality pact:
" Today at 3 p.m. People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Mr. V. M. Molotov, received the Japanese Ambassador, Mr. N. Sato, and made the following statement to him in the name of the Soviet Government:
" 'The neutrality pact between the Soviet Union and Japan was concluded on April 13, 1941, that is, before the attack of Germany on the USSR and before the outbreak of war between Japan on the one hand and England and the United States on the other. Since that time the situation has been basically altered. Germany has attacked the USSR, and Japan, ally of Germany, is aiding the latter in its war against the USSR. Furthermore Japan is waging a war with the USA and England, which are allies of the Soviet Union.
" 'In these circumstances the neutrality pact between Japan and the USSR has lost its sense, and the prolongation of that pact has become impossible.
" 'On the strength of the above and in accordance with Article Three of the above mentioned pact, which envisaged the right of denunciation one year before the lapse of the five year period of operation of the pact, the Soviet Government hereby makes know to the Government of Japan its wish to denounce the pact of April 13, 1941.'
" 'The Japanese Ambassador Mr. N. Sato, promised to inform the Japanese Government of the statement of the Soviet Government."
作者：芦笛 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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