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作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org
Korean War (1950-53)
I don't understand why all the sources I check are so sure of their numbers when they all give different numbers. Okay, some of the discrepancies come from disagreement over what to include -- do we count only the 33,741 Americans killed in battle, or do we add the 2,827 non-combat deaths as well? But some of the other disagreements are harder to reconcile:
South Korea:
Military: 47,000 KIA (Encyclopedia Americana); 46,812 KIA + 66,436 MIA (Wallechinsky); 59,000 (Summers); 70,000 (Regiments.org); 100,000 (Leckie); 212,500 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM"); 225,784 (Nahm93); 281,000 (Rummel); 281,257 to 400,000 (Lewy - the latter citing the ROK Defense Ministry); 415,000 (S&S; Hastings) [MEDIAN: ca. 212,500]
Civilian: 315,000 (Rummel); 244,000 killed and 303,000 missing. (Nahm88); 373,500 killed and 387,740 missing (Nahm93) [MEDIAN: 547,000]
Military + Civilian: 415,004 killed (Leckie, Wallechinsky, Regiments.org); 591,285 (Compton's); 596,000 (Rummel); 600,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History); 987,024 (Nahm93); 1,300,000 (Britannica) [MEDIAN: 595,000]
North Korea:
Military: 130,000 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM"); 214,899 (Regiments.org); 294,151 (Nahm93); 214,899 KIA + 101,680 MIA (Wallechinsky); 350,000 (Rummel); 520,000 (Small & Singer, FAS) [MEDIAN: 305,000]
Civilian: 406,000 killed + 680,000 missing (Nahm93); "As many as" 1,000,000 (Wallechinsky); 1,185,000 (Rummel) [MEDIAN: 1,086,000]
Military + Civilian: 500,000 (Britannica); 700,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History); 926,000 (Compton's); 1,316,579 (Wallechinsky); 1,380,151 (Nahm93); 1,535,000 (Rummel) [MEDIAN: 1,316,579]
China: 110,000 KIA + 35,000 other (FAS citing "Chinese sources") 225,000 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM"); 401,401 (Regiments.org: "highly suspect"); 401,401 KIA + 21,211 MIA (Wallechinsky); 500,000 (Rummel); 900,000 (Compton's, S&S, FAS); 1,000,000 (Britannica) [MEDIAN: 500,000]
Combined Chinese and North Korean military dead: 400,000 (from disease, Wallechinsky); 500,000 (from battle, Summers); 0.5M (generally, Lewy); 1.5M (from all causes, Hastings)
US: 33,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History); 33,625 (Nahm93); 33,741 battle + 2,827 other = 36,568 (DIOR [official]); 36,940, incl. 3275 non-combat (FAS); 54,000 (Britannica, S&S); 33,629 KIA + 20,617 other = 54,246 (Summers, Wallechinsky, Lewy, Encyclopedia Americana); 33,629 (Compton's; Hastings)
Other UN: 2,186 (Nahm93); 2,630 (S&S); 3,063 (Hastings, Summers); 3,194 KIA (Wallechinsky)
By nation
11 Nov. 2000 Times [London]: 1,078 British
S&S: 720 Tk, 670 UK, 310 Canada, 290 France, 281 Australia, 170 Greece, 140 Colombia, 120 Ethiopia, 110 Neth, 110 Thailand, 100 Belgium, 90 Phil.
Leckie: 717 Tk, 670 UK, 309 Canada, 288 Fr., 265 Australia, 169 Gr., 140 Colombia, 114 Thai., 111 Neth, 92 Phil.
Wallechinsky: 717 Tk, 710 UK
AWM: 339 Australia
Regiments.org: 865 UK, 717 Tk, 339 Australia, 309 Canada, 288 Fr., 169 Gr., 140 Colombia, 120 Eth., 114 Thai., 111 Neth, 97 Belg., 92 Phil.
TOTAL: 1,333,060 killed + 1,067,740 missing (Nahm93, not including Chinese); 1,892,000 (S&S, not including civilians); 2,454,000 (Compton's); 2,488,744 (Wallechinsky); 2,854,000 (Britannica); 2,889,000 (Eckhardt); 3,000,000 (D. Smith); 3,000,000 (B&J); 3,062,000 (Rummel); 3,500,000 (Lewy, incl. 2-3M civilians)
[MEDIAN of TOTALS: ca. 2,950,000] or [TOTAL of MEDIANS: ca. 2,690,000]
Atrocities:
1950 massacre in Seoul by North Koreans: 128,936 (Nahm93); 100,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History)
US POWs: 2,701 out of 7,140 died after capture. In all, 5,639 USAns died as a result of war crimes. (Lewy)
No Gun Ri, 1950: US massacre of civilian refugees (ca. 100 k. by air attack, 200-400 k. by infantry) first reported by AP, 29 Sep. 1999. US News & World Report (22 May 2000) cast serious doubt on the reliability of many of the eye-witness accounts. The AP response (16 May 2000) restored some credibility.
Sources:
Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War (1987)
DIOR: US Dept. of Defense, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports [http://web1.whs.osd.mil/mmid/CASUALTY/KOREA.xls] (NOTE: These numbers do not include 17,678 other deaths which occured outside the theater of ops.)
Encyclopedia Americana (1995)
Hastings, Max, The Korean War (1987)
Leckie, Robert, Conflict: the history of the Korean War, 1950-53 (1962)
Lewy, Guenter, America in Vietnam (1978)
Nahm, Andrew, Korea: tradition and transformation (1988): "Nahm88"
Nahm, Andrew, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Korea (1993): "Nahm93"
"Pentagon"
Blair, Leckie and the Encyclopedia Americana cite Pentagon estimates for the total killed, wounded and missing:
All UN: 996,937 (Pentagon, kwm)
South Korea: 850,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
All Communist: 1,420,000 (Pentagon, kwm.)
China: 900,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
North Korea: 520,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
Now, if we use the standard ratio of 1 killed for every 3 wounded, we get the numbers that I have attributed above to "Pentagon"
While we're at it, notice that S&S's estimates for killed are often the same as the Pentagon's estimates for killed, wounded and missing.
Regiments.org [http://www.regiments.org/milhist/wars/20thcent/50korea.htm]
Summers, H., Korean War Almanac (1990)
North Korea (1948 et seq.)
Communist regime:
Rummel estimates that the Communist regime of North Korea committed 1,663,000 democides between 1948 and 1987
North Korean victims: 1,293,000
South Korean victims: 363,000
Courtois, Stephane, Le Livre Noir du Communism: 2,000,000
In Party purges: 100,000
In concentration camps: 1.5M
23 June 2003 US News & WR: 400,000 died in gulags in past 3 decades.
The Center for the Advancement of North Korean Human Rights estimates that some 400,000 prisoners have died in labor camps since 1972. [http://www.nkhumanrights.or.kr/oldnkhuman/eng/nk/nknews12_01.html]
Famine, 1995-
13 March 1999, Agence France Presse: (citing N. Korean defector) 3,500,000 deaths as of 12/98
19 Oct. 2000 Guardian: 3M
MSF: 3.5M [http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/other/deadly_2001.shtml]
10 May 1999, AP:
The North Korean govt. estimates 220,000 famine-related deaths, 1995-98
US Congressional delegation: 2M
South Korean intelligence estimates that the population of North Korea fell from 25M to 22M.
Rwanda and Burundi (1959-95)
Back and forth massacres between Hutu and Tutsi:
作者：Anonymous 在 罕见奇谈 发贴, 来自 http://www.hjclub.org |
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death toll in korea war
